Miaomiao Xin, Sze Song Ngu, Wanzhen Wang, Xiaomei Ni, Ting Wang, Pengpeng Wang, & Yuxiang Zhang. (2026). Tool Wear Prediction Based on EMD–PSO–BiGRU Hybrid Model. Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation. https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2026.15987