Power Generation Optimization of Reverse Electrodialysis: Effects of Key Operating and Design Parameters

Po-Hsun Lin; Cheng-Huan Tsai; Ching-Lung Chen; Chi-Chen Lin

doi:10.46604/ijeti.2026.15684

Authors

Po-Hsun Lin Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-4712
Cheng-Huan Tsai Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
Ching-Lung Chen Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
Chi-Chen Lin Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2026.15684

Keywords:

power generation, renewable energy, reverse electrodialysis, salinity gradient power, space velocity

Abstract

Salinity gradient power (SGP) via reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising renewable energy source; however, maximizing efficiency requires balancing complex electrochemical and hydraulic variables. This study systematically investigates the effects of key operating and design parameters on RED power generation to improve energy efficiency. Laboratory-scale RED experiments are conducted by varying the concentrations of high-concentration (HC) and low-concentration (LC) NaCl solutions, space velocity, the number of ion-exchange membrane (IEM) pairs, and flow channel thickness. The results show that power density increases with concentration ratio and absolute solution concentration, with optimal performance achieved at HC concentrations of 1-2.5 M, LC concentrations of 0.02-0.05 M, and a concentration ratio above 50:1. An optimal space velocity of 0.25 1/min is identified. Increasing the number of IEM pairs enhances power density, while flow channel thicknesses of 1-2 mm minimize resistance. Under optimized conditions, a maximum power density of 0.446 W per square meter is achieved.

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