Review on Growth and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Organometallic Thiocyanate Crystals

Authors

  • Tejaswi Ashok Hegde Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
  • Atanu Dutta Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
  • Vinitha Gandhiraj Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Keywords:

crystal growth, nonlinear optical, organometallic, bimetallic thiocyanate, single crystal, Z-Scan

Abstract

Combinations of an inorganic distorted polyhedron with asymmetric conjugate organic molecules yield the organometallic compounds. Among them, organic thiocyanate crystals have attracted a great deal of attention for nonlinear optical device applications. The bimetallic thiocyanates of the type AB(SCN)4 for example, ZnCd(SCN)4, ZnHg(SCN)4, MnHg(SCN)4, and CdHg(SCN)4 are extremely interesting for optoelectronic applications. This article highlights present knowledge on growth parameters, physicochemical properties and nonlinear optical properties of several organometallic thiocyanate crystals. The chemical property and physical stability of these materials are compared, and the best results based on the review were reported. Information about the parameters, which are necessary for crystal growth has been summarized.

References

X. Q. Wang et al., “Growth and characterization of a novel UV nonlinear optical crystal: [MnHg (SCN)4(H2O)2]·2C4H9NO,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 234, pp. 469-479, 2002.

X. Q. Wang, D. Xu, M. K. Lu, D. R. Yuan, and S. X. Xu, “Crystal growth and characterization of the organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC),” Materials research bulletin, vol. 36, pp. 879-887, 2001.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Crystal growth and characterization of a novel organometallic nonlinear-optical crystal: MnHg(SCN)4(C2H6OS)2,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 224, pp. 284-293, 2001.

X. Q. Wanget al., and M. H. Jiang, “Synthesis, structure and properties of a new nonlinear optical material: zinc cadmium tetrathiocyanate,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 34, pp. 2003-2011, 1999.

P. V. Dhanaraj, N. P. Rajesh, J. K. Sundar, S. Natarajan, and G. Vinitha, “Studies on growth, crystal structure and characterization of novel organic nicotinium trifluoroacetate single crystals,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 129, pp. 457-463, 2011.

P. V. Dhanaraj, N. P. Rajesh, G. Vinitha, and G. Bhagavannarayana, “Crystal structure and characterization of a novel organic optical crystal: 2-Aminopyridinium trichloroacetate,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 46, pp. 726-731, 2011.

S. Dhanuskodi, T. C. S. Girisun, and S. Vinitha, “Optical limiting behavior of certain thiourea metal complexes under CW laser excitation,” Current Applied Physics, vol. 11, pp. 860-864, 2011.

T. C. S. Girisun, S. Dhanuskodi, and G. Vinitha, “χ(3) measurement and optical limiting properties of metal complexes of thiourea using Z-scan,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 129, pp. 9-14, 2011.

R. M. Jauhar, V. Viswanathan, P. Vivek, G. Vinitha, D. Velmurugan, and P. Murugakoothan, “A new organic NLO material isonicotinamidium picrate (ISPA): crystal structure, structural modeling and its physico-chemical properties,” RSC Advances, vol. 6, pp. 57977-57985, 2016.

R. P. Jebin, T. Suthan, N. P. Rajesh, G. Vinitha, and S. A. B. Dhas, “Studies on crystal growth and physical properties of 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde-2, 4-dinitroaniline single crystal,” Optical Materials, vol. 57, pp. 163-168, 2016. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346716302117)

R. P. Jebin, T. Suthan, N. P. Rajesh, G. Vinitha, and U. Madhusoodhanan, “Growth and characterization of organic material 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde single crystal,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 135, pp. 959-964, 2015.

D. Mahendiran, G. Vinitha, S. Shobana, V. Viswanathan, D. Velmurugan, and A. K. Rahiman, “Theoretical, photophysical and biological investigations of an organic charge transfer compound2-aminobenzimidazolium-2-oxyisoindolate-1, 3-dione-2-hydroxyisoindoline-1, 3-dione,” RSC Advances, vol. 6, pp. 60336-60348, 2016.

T. Thilak, M. B. Ahamed, G. Marudhu, and G. Vinitha, “Effect of KDP on the growth, thermal and optical properties of L-alanine single crystals,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 9, pp. 676-680, 2016.

S. Venda, G. Peramaiyan, M. NizamMohideen, G. Vinitha, and S. Srinivasan, “Synthesis, growth, structural, thermal, dielectric, linear and nonlinear optical studies of 2-amino 6-methylpyridinium salicylate single crystal,” Journal of Optics, vol. 46, pp. 149-157, 2017.

C. Vesta, R. Uthrakumar, G. Vinitha, A. Ramalingam, and S. J. Das, “Studies on novel single crystals of tri-nitrophenol methyl p-hydroxybenzoate,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, pp. 4016-4021, 2009.

A. Vijayalakshmi, V. Balrajand, and G. Vinitha, “Structure and characterization of a new organic crystal for optical limiting applications, isonicotinamide bis-p-aminobenzoic acid,” Ukr. J. Phys. Opt, vol. 17, p. 99, 2016.

A. Vijayalakshmi, B. Vidyavathy, and G. Vinitha, “Crystal structure, growth and nonlinear optical studies of isonicotinamide p-nitrophenol: A new organic crystal for optical limiting applications,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 448, pp. 82-88, 2016.

Z. Blank, “The growth of cadmium mercury thiocyanate and zinc mercury thiocyanate crystals in gels,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 18, pp. 281-288, 1973.

G. P. Josephet al., “Growth and characterization of an organometallic nonlinear optical crystal of manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC),” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 296, pp. 51-57, 2006.

M. Mahadevan, P. K. Sankar, G. Vinitha, M. Arivanandhan, K. Ramachandran, and P. Anandan, “Non linear optical studies on semiorganic single crystal: L-arginine 4-nitrophenalate 4-nitrophenol dihydrate (LAPP),” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 92, pp. 168-172, 2017.

D. R. Yuanet al., “Growth of cadmium mercury thiocyanate single crystal for laser diode frequency doubling,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 186, pp. 240-244, 1998.

I. V. Potheher, J. Madhavan, K. Rajarajan, K. Nagaraja, and P. Sagayaraj, “Growth and characterization of diaquatetrakis (thiocyanato) cobalt (II) mercury (II) N-methyl-2-pyrolidone (CMTWMP) single crystals,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 310, pp. 124-130, 2008.

C. Raghavan, R. Sankar, R. Mohankumar, and R. Jayavel, “Synthesis, growth and characterization of nonlinear optical diaqua (thiocyanato) manganese mercury-N, N-dimethylacetamide single crystals,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, pp. 1346-1351, 2009.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Growth morphology and properties of the organometallic nonlinear optical crystal [MnHg(SCN)4(H2O)2]·2C4H9NO,” physica status solidi (a), vol. 198, pp. 43-48, 2003.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Polymeric diaquatetra-μ-thiocyanato-manganese (II) mercury (II) bis (N, N-dimethylacetamide) solvate,” Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications, vol. 56, pp. 1305-1307, 2000.

S. Chandralingam, A. K. Augustine, G. Sreekanth, and G. P. Joseph, “Synthesis, optical and dielectric properties of highly efficient organobimetallic thiocyanate complex crystals,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, p. 012003, 2013.

X. Q. Wanget al., “A systematic spectroscopic study of four bimetallic thiocyanates of chemical formula AB(SCN)4: ZnCd(SCN)4 and AHg (SCN)4 (A= Zn, Cd, Mn) as UV nonlinear optical crystal materials,” Optical Materials, vol. 23, pp. 335-341, 2003.

X. Q. Wang,et al., “Investigation of bimetallic thiocyanates belonging to ABTC structure type: ZnCd(SCN)4 and AHg(SCN)4 (A= Zn, Cd, Mn) as nonlinear optical crystal materials,” Crystal Research and Technology: Journal of Experimental and Industrial Crystallography, vol. 36, pp. 73-84, 2001.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Crystal growth and characterization of a new organometallic nonlinear optical crystal material: MnHg(SCN)4(C3H8O2),” physica status solidi (a), vol. 191, pp. 106-116, 2002.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Investigation on growth and macro-defects of a UV nonlinear optical crystal: ZnCd(SCN)4,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 235, pp. 340-346, 2002.

P. M. Ushasree, R. Jayavel, C. Subramanian, and P. Ramasamy, “Growth of zinc thiourea sulfate (ZTS) single crystals:: a potential semiorganic NLO material,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 197, pp. 216-220, 1999.

P. V. Dhanaraj, G. Bhagavannarayana, and N. P. Rajesh, “Effect of amino acid additives on crystal growth parameters and properties of ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate crystals,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 112, pp. 490-495, 2008.

K. Sangwal, “On the estimation of surface entropy factor, interfacial tension, dissolution enthalpy and metastable zone-width for substances crystallizing from solution,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 97, pp. 393-405, 1989.

N. P. Zaitseva, L. N. Rashkovich, and S. V. Bogatyreva, “Stability of KH2PO4 and K(H,D)2PO4 solutions at fast crystal growth rates,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 148, pp. 276-282, 1995.

G. Arunmozhi, R. M. Kumar, R. Jayavel, and C. Subramanian, “Growth and surface studies on triglycine sulpho-phosphate (TGSP) single crystals,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 49, pp. 216-220, 1997.

P. M. Ushasree, R. Muralidharan, R. Jayavel, and P. Ramasamy, “Growth of bis (thiourea) cadmium chloride single crystals-a potential NLO material of organometallic complex,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 218, pp. 365-371, 2000.

N. Kubota, J. Fukazawa, H. Yashiro, and J. W. Mullin, “Impurity effect of chromium (III) on the growth and dissolution rates of potassium sulfate cyrstals,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 149, pp. 113-119, 1995.

R. J. Usha, J. A. M. Mani, and V. Joseph, “Impedance analysis of bimetallic thiocyanate ligand based single crystals of MnHg(SCN)4 and CdHg(SCN)4,” Archives of Appl. Sci. Res, vol. 4, pp. 638-644, 2012.

L. B. Kumar, K. K. Murthy, Y. N. Rajeev, J. Madhavan, P. Sagayaraj, and S. Cole, “Influence of rare earth doping on the spectral, thermal, morphological, and optical properties of nonlinear optical single crystals of manganese mercury thiocyanate, MnHg(SCN)4,” Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 126, pp. 4899-4904, 2015.

P. Jagdish and N. P. Rajesh, “Effect of copper on the growth morphology and characterization of zinc mercury thiocyanate crystals,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, pp. 2157-2161, 2012.

P. N. S. Kumari, S. Kalainathan, and N. A. N. Raj, “Study of optimum growth condition and characterization of zinc mercury thiocyanate (ZMTC) single crystals in silica gel,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 42, pp. 2099-2106, 2007.

C. Raghavan, R. Pradeepkumar, G. Bhagavannarayan, and R. Jayavel, “Growth of cadmium mercury thiocyanate single crystals using acetone-water mixed solvent and their characterization studies,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, pp. 3174-3178, 2009.

X. Q. Wang, D. Xu, M. K. Lu, D. R. Yuan, J. Huang, S. G. Li, G. W. Lu, H. Q. Sun, S. Y. Guo, G. H. Zhang, X. L. Duan, H. Y. Liu, and W. L. Liu, “Physicochemical behavior of nonlinear optical crystal CdHg(SCN)4,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 247, pp. 432-437, 2003.

B. K. Lanka, N. R. Yerramalla, and S. Cole, “Growth and characterization of pure and rare earth doped organometallic nonlinear optical single crystals of manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC),” International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 6, pp. 1789-1791, 2014.

B. K. Lanka, M. T. Madanu, N. R. Yerramalla, and S. Cole, “Spectral and optical properties of pure and rare earth doped nonlinear optical (NLO) active single crystals of manganese mercury thicocyanate bis-dimethyl sulfoxide,” International journal of Engineering Research, vol. 3, pp. 15-17, 2015. (http://www.ijoer.in/Special%20Issue.html)

G. P. Joseph, N. Melikechi, J. Philip, J. Madhavan, and P. Sagayaraj, “Studies on the electrical, linear and nonlinear optical properties of Manganese mercury thiocyanate bis-dimethyl sulfoxide, an efficient NLO crystal,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 404, pp. 295-299, 2009.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC) glycol monomethyl ether,” Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications, vol. 56, pp. 647-648, 2000.

P. Paramasivam, M. Arivazhagan, and C. R. Raja, “Synthesis, growth and characterization of zinc manganese thiocyanate crystal,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 49, pp. 394-397, 2011.

X. N. Jianget al., “Growth of zinc cadmium thiocyanate single crystal for laser diode frequency-doubling,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 222, pp. 755-759, 2001.

K. Rajarajan et al., “Growth and optical studies of a novel organometallic complex NLO crystal: Tetrathiourea cadmium (II) tetrathiocyanato zinc (II),” Materials and manufacturing processes, vol. 22, pp. 370-374, 2007.

R. Manimekalai, A. P. Raj, and C. R. Raja, “Growth and characterization of ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) doped lithium sulphate monohydrate crystals,” Optics and Photonics Journal, vol. 2, p. 216, 2012.

G. Pabitha and R. Dhanasekaran, “Investigation on the crystal growth and characterisation of an organometallic non linear optical crystal-Tetrathiourea mercury tetrathiocyanato manganate,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 177, pp. 1149-1155, 2012.

K. Rajarajan et al., “Growth, optical, dielectric and ESR studies on tetrathiourea mercury (II) tetrathiocyanato manganate (II): an organometallic complex NLO crystal,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol. 68, pp. 2370-2375, 2007.

K. Rajarajanet al., “Growth and characterization of organometallic nonlinear optical TMTM single crystals,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 304, pp. 435-440, 2007.

H. Le Bozec and T. Renouard, “Dipolar and non-dipolar pyridine and bipyridine metal complexes for nonlinear optics,” European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 2000, pp. 229-239, 2000.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Single crystal growth, structural characterization, thermal and optical properties of a novel organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: MnHg(SCN)4(C2H5NO)2,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 405, pp. 1071-1080, 2010.

S. Guo, D. R. Yuanet al., “Growth of cadmium mercury thiocyanate dimethylsulphoxide single crystal for laser frequency doubling,” Progress in crystal growth and characterization of materials, vol. 40, pp. 75-79, 2000.

C. M. Raghavan, R. Sankar, R. M. Kumar, and R. Jayavel, “Growth and characterization of nonlinear optical bis-(dimethylsulfoxide) cadmium mercury thiocyanate single crystal,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 310, pp. 4570-4575, 2008.

. S. M. R. Kumar, S. Selvakumar, and P. Sagayaraj, “Synthesis, growth and physicochemical properties of an organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: mercury cadmium chloride thiocyanate,” Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 125, pp. 1071-1074, 2014.

S. M. R. Kumar, N. Melikechi, S. Selvakumar, and P. Sagayaraj, “Growth and characterization of nonlinear optical bimetallic thiocyanate complex of MCCTC crystal,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, pp. 2454-2458, 2009.

C. M. Raghavan, A. Bhaskaran, R. Sankar, and R. Jayavel, “Studies on the growth, structural, optical, thermal and electrical properties of nonlinear optical cadmium mercury thiocyanate glycol monomethyl ether single crystal,” Current Applied Physics, vol. 10, pp. 479-483, 2010.

M. Zhou, Y. F. Luo, D. Xu, S. Guo, Μ. K. Lu, and D. R. Yuan, “Crystal structure of cadmium mercury tetrathiocyanate (glycol monomethyl ether), C7H8CdHgN4O2S4,” Zeitschrift für Kristallographie-New Crystal Structures, vol. 215, pp. 425-426, 2000.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Growth, spectroscopic and thermal behavior of Cd(SCN)2(DMSO)2,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 246, pp. 155-160, 2002.

B. Vijayabhaskarana, M. Arivazhagan, and C. R. Raja, “Synthesis, growth and characterization of copper mercury thiocyanate crystal,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 49, pp. 340-343, 2011.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Growth and properties of UV nonlinear optical crystal ZnCd(SCN)4,” Materials research bulletin, vol. 36, pp. 1287-1299, 2001.

V. Ramesh, A. S. Syed, K. Jagannathan, and K. Rajarajan, “Growth, spectroscopic and physicochemical properties of bis mercury ferric chloride tetra thiocyanate: A nonlinear optical crystal,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 108, pp. 236-243, 2013.

G. W. Lu, H. R. Xia, X. Q. Wang, D. Xu, Y. Chen, and Y. Q. Zhou, “Raman scattering investigation of the zinc cadmium tetrathiocyanate single crystals,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 87, pp. 117-121, 2001.

X. Q. Wanget al., “Effects of pH and hydrogen-bonding on the growth and characterization of ZnCd(SCN)4,” Journal of crystal growth, vol. 267, pp. 263-269, 2004.

R. L. Smith and G. Sandly, “An accurate method of determining the hardness of metals, with particular reference to those of a high degree of hardness,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 102, pp. 623-641, 1922.

T. A. Hegde, A. Dutta, and G. Vinitha, “(3) measurement and optical limiting behaviour of novel semi-organic cadmium mercury thiocyanate crystal by Z-scan technique,” Applied Physics A, vol. 124, pp. 808 (1-10), 2018.

R. M. Kumar, D. R. Babu, D. Jayaraman, R. Jayavel, and K. Kitamura, “Studies on the growth aspects of semi-organic L-alanine acetate: a promising NLO crystal,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 275, pp. e1935-e1939, 2005.

R. J. Usha, P. Sagayaraj, and V. Joseph, “Linear and nonlinear optical, mechanical, electrical and surface studies of a novel nonlinear optical crystal-Manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC),” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 133, pp. 241-249, 2014.

S. K. Arora, V. Patel, B. Amin, and A. Kothari, “Dielectric behaviour of strontium tartrate single crystals,” Bulletin of Materials Science, vol. 27, pp. 141-147, 2004.

L. R. Dalton, “Rational design of organic electro-optic materials,” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 15, pp. R934, 2003.

T. R. Kumar, R. J. Vijay, R. Jeyasekaran, S. Selvakumar, M. A. Arockiaraj, and P. Sagayaraj, “Growth, linear and nonlinear optical and, laser damage threshold studies of organometallic crystal of MnHg(SCN)4,” Optical Materials, vol. 33, pp. 1654-1660, 2011.

H. S. Nalwa, “Organometallic materials for nonlinear optics,” Applied organometallic chemistry, vol. 5, pp. 349-377, 1991.

Downloads

Published

2019-09-10

How to Cite

[1]
T. A. Hegde, A. Dutta, and V. Gandhiraj, “Review on Growth and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Organometallic Thiocyanate Crystals”, Int. j. eng. technol. innov., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 257–286, Sep. 2019.

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 4 (2019)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright Notice

 

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors can retain copyright in their articles with no restrictions. Also, author can post the final, peer-reviewed manuscript version (postprint) to any repository or website.

 

 

Since Jan. 01, 2019, IJETI will publish new articles with Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

The Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC) License permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.