Three Dimensional Analysis of Piles on Sloping Ground Subjected to Passive Load Induced by Surcharge
Abstract
The turbocharged direct injection lean burn Diesel engine is the most efficient engine now in production fortransport applications. CNG is an alternative fuel with a better carbon to hydrogen ratio therefore permitting reduced
carbon dioxide emissions. It is injected in gaseous form for a much cleaner combustion almost cancelling some of
the emissions of the Diesel and it permits a much better energy security within Australia. The paper discusses the
best options currently available to convert Diesel engine platforms to CNG, with particular emphasis to the use of
these CNG engines within Australia where the refuelling network is scarce. This option is determined in the dual fuel
operation with a double injector design that couples a second CNG injector to the Diesel injector. This configuration
permits the operation Diesel only or Diesel pilot and CNG main depending on the availability of refuelling stations
where the vehicle operates. Results of engine performance simulations are performed for a straight six cylinder 13
litres truck engine with a novel power turbine connected to the crankshaft through a constant variable transmission
that may be by-passed when non helpful to increase the fuel economy of the vehicle or when damaging the
performances of the after treatment system.
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